DDL,DML和DCL的区别与理解
- DML(data manipulation language):
它们是SELECT、UPDATE、INSERT、DELETE
,就象它的名字一样,这4条命令是用来对数据库里的数据进行操作的语言.
- DDL(data definition language):
DDL比DML要多,主要的命令有CREATE、ALTER、DROP
等,DDL主要是用在定义或改变表(TABLE)的结构,数据类型,表之间的链接和约束等初始化工作上,他们大多在建立表时使用. - DCL(Data Control Language):
是数据库控制功能。是用来设置或更改数据库用户或角色权限的语句,包括(grant,deny,revoke
等)语句。在默认状态下,只有sysadmin,dbcreator,db_owner或db_securityadmin等人员才有权力执行DCL.
详细解释:
DDL is Data Definition Language statements. Some examples:
数据定义语言,用于定义和管理 SQL 数据库中的所有对象的语言
1. CREATE - to create objects in the database 创建
2. ALTER - alters the structure of the database 修改
3. DROP - delete objects from the database 删除
4. TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated for the records are removed
5. COMMENT - add comments to the data dictionary 注释
6. GRANT - gives user's access privileges to database 授权 7.REVOKE - withdraw access privileges given with the GRANT command 收回已经授予的权限
DML is Data Manipulation Language statements. Some examples:
数据操作语言,SQL中处理数据等操作统称为数据操纵语言
1. SELECT - retrieve data from the a database 查询
2. INSERT - insert data into a table 添加
3. UPDATE - updates existing data within a table 更新
4. DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space for the records remain 删除
5. CALL - call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram
6. EXPLAIN PLAN - explain access path to data
7. LOCK TABLE - control concurrency 锁,用于控制并发
DCL is Data Control Language statements. Some examples:
数据控制语言,用来授予或回收访问数据库的某种特权,并控制数据库操纵事务发生的时间及效果,对数据库实行监视等
1. COMMIT - save work done 提交
2. SAVEPOINT - identify a point in a transaction to which you can later roll back 保存点
3. ROLLBACK - restore database to original since the last COMMIT 回滚
4. SET TRANSACTION - Change transaction options like what rollback segment to use 设置当前事务的特性,它对后面的事务没有影响.