美国大学对本科生培养的12条标准 1. 具有清楚地思维、谈吐、写作的能力（The ability to think, speak and write clearly）;

1. 具有以批评的方式系统地推理的能力（The ability to reason critically and systematically）;

2. 具有形成概念和解决问题的能力（The ability to conceptualize and solve problems）;

3. 具有独立思考的能力（The ability to think independently）;

4. 具有敢于创新及独立工作的能力（The ability to take initiative and work independently）;

5. 具有与他人合作的能力（The ability to work in cooperation with others and learn collaboratively）;

6. 具有判断什么意谓着彻底理解某种东西的能力（The ability to judge what is means to understand something thoroughly）;

7. 具有辨识重要的东西与琐碎的东西、持久的东西与短暂的东西的能力（The ability to distinguish the important from the trivial,the enduring from the ephemeral）;

8. 熟悉不同的思维方式（定量、历史、科学、道德、美学）（Familiarity with different modes of thought）;

9. 具有某一领域知识的深度（Depth of knowledge in a particular field）;

10. 具有观察不同学科、文化、理念相关之处的能力（The ability to see connection among disciplines, ideas and cultures）;

11. 具有一生求学不止的能力（The ability to pursue lifelong learning）。