项目管理知识体系指南(PMBOK® 指南)

  1. 引论 > 理解项目的基本概念与轮廓，（PMI）美国项目管理协会。
    > PMBOK指南收录项目管理知识体系中被“普遍认可”为“良好实践”的那一部分。
    > 基于PMBOK，普遍认可、良好实践、适当裁剪、灵活运用。

    • 指南概述和目的
    • 项目管理标准
    • 通用词汇
    • 道德与专业行为规范
    • 基本要素
    • 项目
    • 项目管理的重要性
    • 项目、项目集、项目组合以及运营管理之间的关系
    • 指南的组成部分
    • 裁剪
    • 项目管理商业文件

  2. 项目运行环境.........................................................................................................................37 2.1 概述................................................................................................................................37 2.2 事业环境因素................................................................................................................38 2.2.1 组织内部的事业环境因素...............................................................................38 2.2.2 组织外部的事业环境因素...............................................................................39 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. II 目录 2.3 组织过程资产................................................................................................................39 2.3.1 过程、政策和程序............................................................................................40 2.3.2 组织知识库........................................................................................................41 2.4 组织系统.........................................................................................................................41 2.4.1 概述.....................................................................................................................42 2.4.2 组织治理框架....................................................................................................43 2.4.3 管理要素............................................................................................................44 2.4.4 组织结构类型....................................................................................................45

  3. 项目经理的角色.....................................................................................................................51 3.1 概述................................................................................................................................51 3.2 项目经理的定义............................................................................................................52 3.3 项目经理的影响力范围................................................................................................52 3.3.1 概述.....................................................................................................................52 3.3.2 项目.....................................................................................................................53 3.3.3 组织.....................................................................................................................54 3.3.4 行业.....................................................................................................................55 3.3.5 专业学科............................................................................................................56 3.3.6 跨领域.................................................................................................................56 3.4 项目经理的能力............................................................................................................56 3.4.1 概述.....................................................................................................................56 3.4.2 技术项目管理技能............................................................................................58 3.4.3 战略和商务管理技能........................................................................................58 3.4.4 领导力技能........................................................................................................60 3.4.5 领导力与管理之比较........................................................................................64 3.5 执行整合.........................................................................................................................66 3.5.1 在过程层面执行整合........................................................................................67 3.5.2 认知层面的整合................................................................................................67 3.5.3 背景层面的整合................................................................................................67 3.5.4 整合与复杂性....................................................................................................68 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. III

  4. 项目整合管理.........................................................................................................................69 4.1 制定项目章程................................................................................................................75 4.1.1 制定项目章程：输入........................................................................................77 4.1.2 制定项目章程：工具与技术...........................................................................79 4.1.3 制定项目章程：输出........................................................................................81 4.2 制定项目管理计划........................................................................................................82 4.2.1 制定项目管理计划：输入...............................................................................83 4.2.2 制定项目管理计划：工具与技术...................................................................85 4.2.3 制定项目管理计划：输出...............................................................................86 4.3 指导与管理项目工作....................................................................................................90 4.3.1 指导与管理项目工作：输入...........................................................................92 4.3.2 指导与管理项目工作：工具与技术...............................................................94 4.3.3 指导与管理项目工作：输出...........................................................................95 4.4 管理项目知识................................................................................................................98 4.4.1 管理项目知识：输入......................................................................................100 4.4.2 管理项目知识：工具与技术.........................................................................102 4.4.3 管理项目知识：输出......................................................................................104 4.5 监控项目工作..............................................................................................................105 4.5.1 监控项目工作：输入......................................................................................107 4.5.2 监控项目工作：工具与技术.........................................................................110 4.5.3 监控项目工作：输出......................................................................................112 4.6 实施整体变更控制......................................................................................................113 4.6.1 实施整体变更控制：输入.............................................................................116 4.6.2 实施整体变更控制：工具与技术.................................................................118 4.6.3 实施整体变更控制：输出.............................................................................120 4.7 结束项目或阶段..........................................................................................................121 4.7.1 结束项目或阶段：输入.................................................................................124 4.7.2 结束项目或阶段：工具与技术.....................................................................126 4.7.3 结束项目或阶段：输出.................................................................................127 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. IV 目录

  5. 项目范围管理.......................................................................................................................129 5.1 规划范围管理..............................................................................................................134 5.1.1 规划范围管理：输入......................................................................................135 5.1.2 规划范围管理：工具与技术.........................................................................136 5.1.3 规划范围管理：输出......................................................................................137 5.2 收集需求.......................................................................................................................138 5.2.1 收集需求：输入..............................................................................................140 5.2.2 收集需求：工具与技术.................................................................................142 5.2.3 收集需求：输出..............................................................................................147 5.3 定义范围.......................................................................................................................150 5.3.1 定义范围：输入..............................................................................................152 5.3.2 定义范围：工具与技术.................................................................................153 5.3.3 定义范围：输出..............................................................................................154 5.4 创建 WBS......................................................................................................................156 5.4.1 创建 WBS：输入..............................................................................................157 5.4.2 创建 WBS：工具与技术.................................................................................158 5.4.3 创建 WBS：输出..............................................................................................161 5.5 确认范围.......................................................................................................................163 5.5.1 确认范围：输入..............................................................................................165 5.5.2 确认范围：工具与技术.................................................................................166 5.5.3 确认范围：输出..............................................................................................166 5.6 控制范围.......................................................................................................................167 5.6.1 控制范围：输入..............................................................................................169 5.6.2 控制范围：工具与技术.................................................................................170 5.6.3 控制范围：输出..............................................................................................170

  6. 项目进度管理.......................................................................................................................173 6.1 规划进度管理..............................................................................................................179 6.1.1 规划进度管理：输入......................................................................................180 6.1.2 规划进度管理：工具与技术.........................................................................181 6.1.3 规划进度管理：输出......................................................................................181 6.2 定义活动.......................................................................................................................183 6.2.1 定义活动：输入..............................................................................................184 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. V 6.2.2 定义活动：工具与技术.................................................................................184 6.2.3 定义活动：输出..............................................................................................185 6.3 排列活动顺序..............................................................................................................187 6.3.1 排列活动顺序：输入......................................................................................188 6.3.2 排列活动顺序：工具与技术.........................................................................189 6.3.3 排列活动顺序：输出......................................................................................194 6.4 估算活动持续时间......................................................................................................195 6.4.1 估算活动持续时间：输入.............................................................................198 6.4.2 估算活动持续时间：工具与技术.................................................................200 6.4.3 估算活动持续时间：输出.............................................................................203 6.5 制定进度计划..............................................................................................................205 6.5.1 制定进度计划：输入......................................................................................207 6.5.2 制定进度计划：工具与技术.........................................................................209 6.5.3 制定进度计划：输出......................................................................................217 6.6 控制进度.......................................................................................................................222 6.6.1 控制进度：输入..............................................................................................224 6.6.2 控制进度：工具与技术.................................................................................226 6.6.3 控制进度：输出..............................................................................................228

  7. 项目成本管理.......................................................................................................................231 7.1 规划成本管理..............................................................................................................235 7.1.1 规划成本管理：输入......................................................................................236 7.1.2 规划成本管理：工具与技术.........................................................................237 7.1.3 规划成本管理：输出......................................................................................238 7.2 估算成本.......................................................................................................................240 7.2.1 估算成本：输入..............................................................................................241 7.2.2 估算成本：工具与技术.................................................................................243 7.2.3 估算成本：输出..............................................................................................246 7.3 制定预算.......................................................................................................................248 7.3.1 制定预算：输入..............................................................................................250 7.3.2 制定预算：工具与技术..................................................................................252 7.3.3 制定预算：输出..............................................................................................254 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. VI 目录 7.4 控制成本.......................................................................................................................257 7.4.1 控制成本：输入..............................................................................................259 7.4.2 控制成本：工具与技术..................................................................................260 7.4.3 控制成本：输出..............................................................................................268

  8. 项目质量管理.......................................................................................................................271 8.1 规划质量管理..............................................................................................................277 8.1.1 规划质量管理：输入......................................................................................279 8.1.2 规划质量管理：工具与技术.........................................................................281 8.1.3 规划质量管理：输出......................................................................................286 8.2 管理质量.......................................................................................................................288 8.2.1 管理质量：输入..............................................................................................290 8.2.2 管理质量：工具与技术..................................................................................292 8.2.3 管理质量：输出..............................................................................................296 8.3 控制质量.......................................................................................................................298 8.3.1 控制质量：输入..............................................................................................300 8.3.2 控制质量：工具与技术.................................................................................302 8.3.3 控制质量：输出..............................................................................................305

  9. 项目资源管理.......................................................................................................................307 9.1 规划资源管理..............................................................................................................312 9.1.1 规划资源管理：输入......................................................................................314 9.1.2 规划资源管理：工具与技术.........................................................................315 9.1.3 规划资源管理：输出......................................................................................318 9.2 估算活动资源..............................................................................................................320 9.2.1 估算活动资源：输入......................................................................................322 9.2.2 估算活动资源：工具与技术.........................................................................324 9.2.3 估算活动资源：输出......................................................................................325 9.3 获取资源.......................................................................................................................328 9.3.1 获取资源：输入..............................................................................................330 9.3.2 获取资源：工具与技术..................................................................................332 9.3.3 获取资源：输出..............................................................................................333 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. VII 9.4 建设团队.......................................................................................................................336 9.4.1 建设团队：输入..............................................................................................339 9.4.2 建设团队：工具与技术.................................................................................340 9.4.3 建设团队：输出..............................................................................................343 9.5 管理团队.......................................................................................................................345 9.5.1 管理团队：输入..............................................................................................347 9.5.2 管理团队：工具与技术.................................................................................348 9.5.3 管理团队：输出..............................................................................................350 9.6 控制资源.......................................................................................................................352 9.6.1 控制资源：输入..............................................................................................354 9.6.2 控制资源：工具与技术.................................................................................356 9.6.3 控制资源：输出..............................................................................................357

  10. 项目沟通管理.....................................................................................................................359 10.1 规划沟通管理............................................................................................................366 10.1.1 规划沟通管理：输入....................................................................................368 10.1.2 规划沟通管理：工具与技术.......................................................................369 10.1.3 规划沟通管理：输出....................................................................................377 10.2 管理沟通.....................................................................................................................379 10.2.1 管理沟通：输入............................................................................................381 10.2.2 管理沟通：工具与技术...............................................................................383 10.2.3 管理沟通：输出............................................................................................387 10.3 监督沟通.....................................................................................................................388 10.3.1 监督沟通：输入............................................................................................390 10.3.2 监督沟通：工具与技术...............................................................................391 10.3.3 监督沟通：输出............................................................................................392

  11. 项目风险管理.....................................................................................................................395 11.1 规划风险管理............................................................................................................401 11.1.1 规划风险管理：输入....................................................................................402 11.1.2 规划风险管理：工具与技术.......................................................................404 11.1.3 规划风险管理：输出....................................................................................405 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. VIII 目录 11.2 识别风险.....................................................................................................................409 11.2.1 识别风险：输入............................................................................................411 11.2.2 识别风险：工具与技术...............................................................................414 11.2.3 识别风险：输出............................................................................................417 11.3 实施定性风险分析....................................................................................................419 11.3.1 实施定性风险分析：输入...........................................................................421 11.3.2 实施定性风险分析：工具与技术...............................................................422 11.3.3 实施定性风险分析：输出...........................................................................427 11.4 实施定量风险分析....................................................................................................428 11.4.1 实施定量风险分析：输入...........................................................................430 11.4.2 实施定量风险分析：工具与技术...............................................................431 11.4.3 实施定量风险分析：输出...........................................................................436 11.5 规划风险应对............................................................................................................437 11.5.1 规划风险应对：输入....................................................................................439 11.5.2 规划风险应对：工具与技术.......................................................................441 11.5.3 规划风险应对：输出....................................................................................447 11.6 实施风险应对............................................................................................................449 11.6.1 实施风险应对：输入....................................................................................450 11.6.2 实施风险应对：工具与技术.......................................................................451 11.6.3 实施风险应对：输出....................................................................................451 11.7 监督风险.....................................................................................................................453 11.7.1 监督风险：输入............................................................................................455 11.7.2 监督风险：工具与技术................................................................................456 11.7.3 监督风险：输出............................................................................................457

  12. 项目采购管理.....................................................................................................................459 12.1 规划采购管理............................................................................................................466 12.1.1 规划采购管理：输入....................................................................................468 12.1.2 规划采购管理：工具与技术.......................................................................472 12.1.3 规划采购管理：输出....................................................................................475 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. IX 12.2 实施采购.....................................................................................................................482 12.2.1 实施采购：输入............................................................................................484 12.2.2 实施采购：工具与技术...............................................................................487 12.2.3 实施采购：输出............................................................................................488 12.3 控制采购.....................................................................................................................492 12.3.1 控制采购：输入............................................................................................495 12.3.2 控制采购：工具与技术...............................................................................497 12.3.3 控制采购：输出............................................................................................499

  13. 项目相关方管理.................................................................................................................503 13.1 识别相关方.................................................................................................................507 13.1.1 识别相关方：输入........................................................................................509 13.1.2 识别相关方：工具与技术...........................................................................511 13.1.3 识别相关方：输出........................................................................................514 13.2 规划相关方参与........................................................................................................516 13.2.1 规划相关方参与：输入...............................................................................518 13.2.2 规划相关方参与：工具与技术...................................................................520 13.2.3 规划相关方参与：输出...............................................................................522 13.3 管理相关方参与........................................................................................................523 13.3.1 管理相关方参与：输入...............................................................................525 13.3.2 管理相关方参与：工具与技术...................................................................526 13.3.3 管理相关方参与：输出...............................................................................528 13.4 监督相关方参与........................................................................................................530 13.4.1 监督相关方参与：输入................................................................................532 13.4.2 监督相关方参与：工具与技术...................................................................533 13.4.3 监督相关方参与：输出...............................................................................535 参考文献...................................................................................................................................537 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. X 目录 第二部分 项目管理标准

  14. 引论.......................................................................................................................................541 1.1 项目和项目管理..........................................................................................................542 1.2 项目组合、项目集和项目之间的关系.....................................................................543 1.3 组织治理与项目治理之间的联系.............................................................................545 1.4 项目成功与效益管理..................................................................................................546 1.5 项目生命周期..............................................................................................................547 1.6 项目相关方...................................................................................................................550 1.7 项目经理的角色..........................................................................................................552 1.8 项目管理知识领域......................................................................................................553 1.9 项目管理过程组..........................................................................................................554 1.10 事业环境因素和组织过程资产...............................................................................557 1.11 裁剪项目工件............................................................................................................558

  15. 启动过程组............................................................................................................................561 2.1 制定项目章程..............................................................................................................563 2.2 识别相关方...................................................................................................................563 2.2.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................564 2.2.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................564 2.2.3 项目管理计划更新..........................................................................................564 2.2.4 项目文件更新..................................................................................................564

  16. 规划过程组............................................................................................................................565 3.1 制定项目管理计划......................................................................................................567 3.2 规划范围管理..............................................................................................................567 3.2.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................568 3.3 收集需求.......................................................................................................................568 3.3.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................568 3.3.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................569 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. XI 3.4 定义范围.......................................................................................................................569 3.4.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................569 3.4.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................569 3.4.3 项目文件更新..................................................................................................570 3.5 创建 WBS......................................................................................................................570 3.5.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................570 3.5.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................571 3.5.3 项目文件更新..................................................................................................571 3.6 规划进度管理..............................................................................................................571 3.6.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................572 3.7 定义活动.......................................................................................................................572 3.7.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................572 3.7.2 项目管理计划更新..........................................................................................572 3.8 排列活动顺序..............................................................................................................573 3.8.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................573 3.8.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................573 3.8.3 项目文件更新..................................................................................................573 3.9 估算活动持续时间......................................................................................................574 3.9.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................574 3.9.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................574 3.9.3 项目文件更新..................................................................................................575 3.10 制定进度计划............................................................................................................575 3.10.1 项目管理计划组件........................................................................................575 3.10.2 项目文件示例................................................................................................576 3.10.3 项目管理计划更新........................................................................................576 3.10.4 项目文件更新................................................................................................576 3.11 规划成本管理............................................................................................................577 3.11.1 项目管理计划组件........................................................................................577 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. XII 目录 3.12 估算成本.....................................................................................................................577 3.12.1 项目管理计划组件........................................................................................578 3.12.2 项目文件示例................................................................................................578 3.12.3 项目文件更新................................................................................................578 3.13 制定预算.....................................................................................................................578 3.13.1 项目管理计划组件........................................................................................579 3.13.2 项目文件示例................................................................................................579 3.13.3 项目文件更新................................................................................................579 3.14 规划质量管理............................................................................................................580 3.14.1 项目管理计划组件........................................................................................580 3.14.2 项目文件示例................................................................................................580 3.14.3 项目管理计划更新........................................................................................581 3.14.4 项目文件更新................................................................................................581 3.15 规划资源管理............................................................................................................581 3.15.1 项目管理计划组件........................................................................................582 3.15.2 项目文件........................................................................................................582 3.15.3 项目文件更新................................................................................................582 3.16 估算活动资源............................................................................................................582 3.16.1 项目管理计划组件........................................................................................583 3.16.2 项目文件示例................................................................................................583 3.16.3 项目文件更新................................................................................................583 3.17 规划沟通管理.............................................................................................................584 3.17.1 项目管理计划组件........................................................................................584 3.17.2 项目文件示例................................................................................................584 3.17.3 项目管理计划更新........................................................................................584 3.17.4 项目文件更新................................................................................................585 3.18 规划风险管理............................................................................................................585 3.18.1 项目管理计划组件........................................................................................585 3.18.2 项目文件示例................................................................................................585 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. XIII 3.19 识别风险.....................................................................................................................586 3.19.1 项目管理计划组件........................................................................................586 3.19.2 项目文件示例................................................................................................587 3.19.3 项目文件更新................................................................................................587 3.20 实施定性风险分析....................................................................................................588 3.20.1 项目管理计划组件........................................................................................588 3.20.2 项目文件示例................................................................................................588 3.20.3 项目文件更新................................................................................................589 3.21 实施定量风险分析....................................................................................................589 3.21.1 项目管理计划组件........................................................................................589 3.21.2 项目文件示例................................................................................................590 3.21.3 项目文件更新................................................................................................590 3.22 规划风险应对............................................................................................................590 3.22.1 项目管理计划组件........................................................................................591 3.22.2 项目文件示例................................................................................................591 3.22.3 项目管理计划更新........................................................................................591 3.22.4 项目文件更新................................................................................................592 3.23 规划采购管理............................................................................................................592 3.23.1 项目管理计划组件........................................................................................593 3.23.2 项目文件示例................................................................................................593 3.23.3 项目文件更新................................................................................................593 3.24 规划相关方参与........................................................................................................594 3.24.1 项目管理计划组件........................................................................................594 3.24.2 项目文件示例................................................................................................594

  17. 执行过程组............................................................................................................................595 4.1 指导与管理项目工作..................................................................................................597 4.1.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................597 4.1.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................597 4.1.3 项目管理计划更新..........................................................................................598 4.1.4 项目文件更新..................................................................................................598 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. XIV 目录 4.2 管理项目知识..............................................................................................................598 4.2.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................599 4.2.2 项目文件..........................................................................................................599 4.2.3 项目管理计划更新..........................................................................................599 4.3 管理质量.......................................................................................................................599 4.3.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................600 4.3.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................600 4.3.3 项目管理计划更新..........................................................................................600 4.3.4 项目文件更新..................................................................................................600 4.4 获取资源.......................................................................................................................601 4.4.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................601 4.4.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................601 4.4.3 项目管理计划更新..........................................................................................602 4.4.4 项目文件更新..................................................................................................602 4.5 建设团队.......................................................................................................................602 4.5.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................603 4.5.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................603 4.5.3 项目管理计划更新..........................................................................................603 4.5.4 项目文件更新..................................................................................................603 4.6 管理团队.......................................................................................................................604 4.6.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................604 4.6.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................604 4.6.3 项目管理计划更新..........................................................................................605 4.6.4 项目文件更新..................................................................................................605 4.7 管理沟通.......................................................................................................................605 4.7.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................606 4.7.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................606 4.7.3 项目管理计划更新..........................................................................................606 4.7.4 项目文件更新..................................................................................................606 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. XV 4.8 实施风险应对..............................................................................................................607 4.8.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................607 4.8.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................607 4.8.3 项目文件更新..................................................................................................607 4.9 实施采购.......................................................................................................................608 4.9.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................608 4.9.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................609 4.9.3 项目管理计划更新..........................................................................................609 4.9.4 项目文件更新..................................................................................................609 4.10 管理相关方参与........................................................................................................610 4.10.1 项目管理计划组件........................................................................................610 4.10.2 项目文件示例................................................................................................610 4.10.3 项目管理计划更新........................................................................................611 4.10.4 项目文件更新................................................................................................611

  18. 监控过程组 ...........................................................................................................................613 5.1 监控项目工作..............................................................................................................615 5.1.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................615 5.1.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................615 5.1.3 项目管理计划更新..........................................................................................616 5.1.4 项目文件更新..................................................................................................616 5.2 实施整体变更控制......................................................................................................616 5.2.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................617 5.2.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................617 5.2.3 项目管理计划更新..........................................................................................617 5.2.4 项目文件更新..................................................................................................617 5.3 确认范围.......................................................................................................................618 5.3.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................618 5.3.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................618 5.3.3 项目文件更新..................................................................................................619 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. XVI 目录 5.4 控制范围.......................................................................................................................619 5.4.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................619 5.4.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................620 5.4.3 项目管理计划更新..........................................................................................620 5.4.4 项目文件更新..................................................................................................620 5.5 控制进度.......................................................................................................................621 5.5.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................621 5.5.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................621 5.5.3 项目管理计划更新..........................................................................................622 5.5.4 项目文件更新..................................................................................................622 5.6 控制成本.......................................................................................................................622 5.6.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................623 5.6.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................623 5.6.3 项目管理计划更新..........................................................................................623 5.6.4 项目文件更新..................................................................................................623 5.7 控制质量.......................................................................................................................624 5.7.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................624 5.7.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................624 5.7.3 项目管理计划更新..........................................................................................625 5.7.4 项目文件更新..................................................................................................625 5.8 控制资源.......................................................................................................................625 5.8.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................626 5.8.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................626 5.8.3 项目管理计划更新..........................................................................................626 5.8.4 项目文件更新..................................................................................................626 5.9 监督沟通.......................................................................................................................627 5.9.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................627 5.9.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................627 5.9.3 项目管理计划更新..........................................................................................628 5.9.4 项目文件更新..................................................................................................628 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. XVII 5.10 监督风险.....................................................................................................................628 5.10.1 项目管理计划组件........................................................................................629 5.10.2 项目文件示例................................................................................................629 5.10.3 项目管理计划更新........................................................................................629 5.10.4 项目文件更新................................................................................................629 5.11 控制采购.....................................................................................................................629 5.11.1 项目管理计划组件........................................................................................630 5.11.2 项目文件示例................................................................................................630 5.11.3 项目管理计划更新........................................................................................631 5.11.4 项目文件更新................................................................................................631 5.12 监督相关方参与........................................................................................................631 5.12.1 项目管理计划组件........................................................................................632 5.12.2 项目文件示例................................................................................................632 5.12.3 项目管理计划更新........................................................................................632 5.12.4 项目文件更新................................................................................................632

  19. 收尾过程组............................................................................................................................633 6.1 结束项目或阶段..........................................................................................................634 6.1.1 项目管理计划组件..........................................................................................634 6.1.2 项目文件示例..................................................................................................635 6.1.3 项目文件更新..................................................................................................635 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. XVIII 目录 第三部分 附录、术语表、索引 附录 X1 第 6 版更新...............................................................................................................................639 附录 X2 第六版《PMBOK® 指南》编审人员........................................................................................651 附录 X3 敏捷型、迭代型、适应型和混合型项目环境.....................................................................665 附录 X4 知识领域关键概念总结...........................................................................................................673 附录 X5 知识领域裁剪考虑因素总结..................................................................................................679 附录 X6 工具与技术...............................................................................................................................685 术语表（英文排序）...............................................................................................................537 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. XIX 图表目录 第一部分 项目管理知识体系指南(PMBOK® 指南) 图 1-1 组织通过项目进行状态转换.............................................................................6 图 1-2 项目启动背景......................................................................................................8 图 1-3 项目组合、项目集、项目和运营..................................................................12 图 1-4 组织项目管理....................................................................................................17 图 1-5 PMBOK® 指南关键组成部分在项目中的相互关系.......................................18 图 1-6 过程示例：输入、工具与技术和输出..........................................................22 图 1-7 项目数据、信息和报告流向...........................................................................27 图 1-8 需求评估与关键业务/项目文件的相互关系................................................30 图 2-1 项目影响............................................................................................................37 图 3-1 项目经理的影响力范围示例...........................................................................53 图 3-2 PMI 人才三角® ..................................................................................................57 图 4-1 项目整合管理概述...........................................................................................71 图 4-2 制定项目章程：输入、工具与技术和输出..................................................75 图 4-3 制定项目章程：数据流向图...........................................................................76 图 4-4 制定项目管理计划：输入、工具与技术和输出.........................................82 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. XX 图表目录 图 4-5 制定项目管理计划：数据流向图..................................................................82 图 4-6 指导与管理项目工作：输入、工具与技术和输出.....................................90 图 4-7 指导与管理项目工作：数据流向图..............................................................91 图 4-8 管理项目知识：输入、工具与技术和输出..................................................98 图 4-9 管理项目知识：数据流向图...........................................................................99 图 4-10 监控项目工作：输入、工具与技术和输出................................................105 图 4-11 监控项目工作：数据流向图.........................................................................106 图 4-12 实施整体变更控制：输入、工具与技术和输出.......................................113 图 4-13 实施整体变更控制：数据流向图................................................................114 图 4-14 结束项目或阶段：输入、工具与技术和输出...........................................121 图 4-15 结束项目或阶段：数据流向图....................................................................122 图 5-1 项目范围管理概述.........................................................................................130 图 5-2 规划范围管理：输入、工具与技术和输出................................................134 图 5-3 规划范围管理：数据流向图.........................................................................134 图 5-4 收集需求：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................138 图 5-5 收集需求：数据流向图.................................................................................139 图 5-6 系统交互图......................................................................................................146 图 5-7 需求跟踪矩阵示例.........................................................................................149 图 5-8 定义范围：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................150 图 5-9 定义范围：数据流向图.................................................................................151 图 5-10 创建 WBS：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................156 图 5-11 创建 WBS：数据流向图.................................................................................156 图 5-12 分解到工作包的 WBS 示例...........................................................................158 图 5-13 WBS 示例：以阶段作为第二层....................................................................159 图 5-14 WBS 示例：以主要可交付成果作为第二层...............................................160 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. XXI 图 5-15 确认范围：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................163 图 5-16 确认范围：数据流向图.................................................................................164 图 5-17 控制范围：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................167 图 5-18 控制范围：数据流向图.................................................................................168 图 6-1 项目进度管理概述.........................................................................................174 图 6-2 进度规划工作概述.........................................................................................176 图 6-3 规划进度管理：输入、工具与技术和输出................................................179 图 6-4 规划进度管理：数据流程图.........................................................................179 图 6-5 定义活动：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................183 图 6-6 定义活动：数据流程图.................................................................................183 图 6-7 排列活动顺序：输入、工具与技术和输出................................................187 图 6-8 排列活动顺序：数据流程图.........................................................................187 图 6-9 紧前关系绘图法（PDM）的活动关系类型................................................190 图 6-10 提前量和滞后量示例.....................................................................................192 图 6-11 项目进度网络图.............................................................................................193 图 6-12 估算活动持续时间：输入、工具与技术和输出.......................................195 图 6-13 估算活动持续时间：数据流程图................................................................196 图 6-14 制定进度计划：输入、工具与技术和输出................................................205 图 6-15 制定进度计划：数据流程图.........................................................................206 图 6-16 关键路径法示例.............................................................................................211 图 6-17 资源平衡..........................................................................................................212 图 6-18 目标里程碑的概率分布示例.........................................................................214 图 6-19 进度压缩技术的比较.....................................................................................215 图 6-20 产品愿景、发布规划和迭代计划之间的关系...........................................216 图 6-21 项目进度计划示例.........................................................................................219 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. XXII 图表目录 图 6-22 控制进度：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................222 图 6-23 控制进度：数据流程图.................................................................................223 图 6-24 迭代燃尽图......................................................................................................226 图 7-1 项目成本管理概述.........................................................................................232 图 7-2 规划成本管理：输入、工具与技术和输出................................................235 图 7-3 规划成本管理：数据流向图.........................................................................235 图 7-4 估算成本：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................240 图 7-5 估算成本的数据流向图.................................................................................240 图 7-6 制定预算：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................248 图 7-7 制定预算的数据流向图.................................................................................249 图 7-8 项目预算的组成.............................................................................................255 图 7-9 成本基准、支出与资金需求.........................................................................255 图 7-10 控制成本：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................257 图 7-11 控制成本的数据流向图.................................................................................258 图 7-12 挣值、计划价值和实际成本.........................................................................264 图 7-13 完工尚需绩效指数（TCPI）.........................................................................268 图 8-1 项目质量管理概述.........................................................................................272 图 8-2 主要项目质量管理过程的相互关系............................................................273 图 8-3 规划质量管理：输入、工具与技术和输出................................................277 图 8-4 规划质量管理：数据流向图.........................................................................278 图 8-5 质量成本..........................................................................................................283 图 8-6 SIPOC 模型.......................................................................................................285 图 8-7 管理质量：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................288 图 8-8 管理质量：数据流向图.................................................................................289 图 8-9 因果图..............................................................................................................294 图 8-10 控制质量：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................298 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. XXIII 图 8-11 控制质量的数据流向图.................................................................................299 图 8-12 核查表..............................................................................................................302 图 9-1 项目资源管理概述.........................................................................................308 图 9-2 规划资源管理：输入、工具与技术和输出................................................312 图 9-3 规划资源管理：数据流向图.........................................................................313 图 9-4 RACI 矩阵示例.................................................................................................317 图 9-5 估算活动资源：输入、工具与技术和输出................................................321 图 9-6 估算活动资源的数据流向图.........................................................................321 图 9-7 资源分解结构示例.........................................................................................327 图 9-8 获取资源：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................328 图 9-9 获取资源：数据流向图.................................................................................329 图 9-10 建设团队：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................336 图 9-11 建设团队：数据流向图.................................................................................337 图 9-12 管理团队：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................345 图 9-13 管理团队：数据流向图.................................................................................346 图 9-14 控制资源：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................352 图 9-15 控制资源：数据流向图.................................................................................353 图 10-1 项目沟通管理概述.........................................................................................360 图 10-2 规划沟通管理：输入、工具与技术和输出................................................366 图 10-3 规划沟通管理：数据流向图.........................................................................367 图 10-4 适用于跨文化沟通的沟通模型....................................................................373 图 10-5 管理沟通：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................379 图 10-6 管理沟通：数据流向图.................................................................................380 图 10-7 监督沟通：输入、工具与技巧和输出........................................................388 图 10-8 监督沟通：数据流向图.................................................................................389 图 11-1 项目风险管理概述.........................................................................................396 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. XXIV 图表目录 图 11-2 规划风险管理：输入、工具与技术和输出................................................401 图 11-3 规划风险管理：数据流向图.........................................................................402 图 11-4 风险分解结构（RBS）示例..........................................................................406 图 11-5 概率和影响矩阵示例（有评分方法）........................................................408 图 11-6 识别风险：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................409 图 11-7 识别风险：数据流向图.................................................................................410 图 11-8 实施定性风险分析：输入、工具与技术和输出.......................................419 图 11-9 实施定性风险分析：数据流向图................................................................420 图 11-10 列出可监测性、邻近性和影响值的气泡图示例.......................................426 图 11-11 实施定量风险分析：输入、工具与技术和输出.......................................428 图 11-12 实施定量风险分析：数据流向图................................................................429 图 11-13 定量成本风险分析 S 曲线示例....................................................................433 图 11-14 龙卷风图示例..................................................................................................434 图 11-15 决策树示例......................................................................................................435 图 11-16 规划风险应对：输入、工具与技术和输出................................................437 图 11-17 规划风险应对：数据流向图.........................................................................438 图 11-18 实施风险应对：输入、工具与技术和输出................................................449 图 11-19 实施风险应对：数据流向图.........................................................................449 图 11-20 监督风险：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................453 图 11-21 监督风险：数据流向图.................................................................................454 图 12-1 项目采购管理概述.........................................................................................460 图 12-2 规划采购：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................466 图 12-3 规划采购管理的数据流向图.........................................................................467 图 12-4 实施采购：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................482 图 12-5 实施采购：数据流向图.................................................................................483 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. Not for distribution, sale, or reproduction. XXV 图 12-6 控制采购：输入、工具与技术和输出........................................................492 图 12-7 控制采购：数据流向图.................................................................................493 图 13-1 项目相关方管理概述.....................................................................................504 图 13-2 识别相关方：输入、工具与技术和输出....................................................507 图 13-3 识别相关方：数据流向图.............................................................................508 图 13-4 规划相关方参与：输入、工具与技术和输出...........................................516 图 13-5 规划相关方参与：数据流向图....................................................................517 图 13-6 相关方参与度评估矩阵.................................................................................522 图 13-7 管理相关方参与：输入、工具与技术和输出...........................................523 图 13-8 管理相关方参与：数据流向图....................................................................524 图 13-9 监督相关方参与：输入、工具与技术和输出...........................................530 图 13-10 监督相关方参与：数据流向图....................................................................531 表 1-1 促成项目创建的因素示例.................................................................................9 表 1-2 项目、项目集、项目组合管理的比较概述..................................................13 表 1-3 PMBOK® 指南关键组成部分的描述................................................................18 表 1-4 项目管理过程组与知识领域...........................................................................25 表 1-5 项目商业文件....................................................................................................29 表 2-1 组织结构对项目的影响...................................................................................47 表 3-1 团队管理与团队领导力之比较......................................................................64 表 4-1 项目管理计划和项目文件...............................................................................89 表 5-1 项目章程与项目范围说明书的内容............................................................155 表 7-1 挣值计算汇总表.............................................................................................267 表 11-1 概率和影响定义示例.....................................................................................407 表 12-1 采购文件比较..................................................................................................481 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. 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XXVI 图表目录 第二部分 项目管理标准 图 1-1 项目组合、项目集与项目管理间的关系示例...........................................544 图 1-2 项目生命周期的通用结构.............................................................................548 图 1-3 随时间而变化的变量影响.............................................................................549 图 1-4 项目相关方示例.............................................................................................551 图 1-5 项目或阶段中的过程组相互作用示例........................................................555 图 2-1 项目边界..........................................................................................................562 图 2-2 启动过程组......................................................................................................562 图 2-3 制定项目章程：输入和输出.........................................................................563 图 2-4 识别相关方：输入和输出.............................................................................563 图 3-1 规划过程组......................................................................................................566 图 3-2 制定项目管理计划：输入和输出................................................................567 图 3-3 规划范围管理：输入和输出.........................................................................567 图 3-4 收集需求：输入和输出.................................................................................568 图 3-5 定义范围：输入和输出.................................................................................569 图 3-6 创建 WBS：输入和输出.................................................................................570 图 3-7 规划进度管理：输入和输出.........................................................................571 图 3-8 定义活动：输入和输出.................................................................................572 图 3-9 排列活动顺序：输入和输出.........................................................................573 图 3-10 估算活动持续时间：输入和输出................................................................574 图 3-11 制定进度计划：输入和输出.........................................................................575 图 3-12 规划成本管理：输入和输出.........................................................................577 图 3-13 估算成本：输入和输出.................................................................................577 图 3-14 制定预算：输入和输出.................................................................................579 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. 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XXVII 图 3-15 规划质量管理：输入和输出.........................................................................580 图 3-16 规划资源管理：输入和输出.........................................................................581 图 3-17 估算活动资源：输入和输出.........................................................................583 图 3-18 规划沟通管理：输入和输出.........................................................................584 图 3-19 规划风险管理：输入和输出.........................................................................585 图 3-20 识别风险：输入和输出.................................................................................586 图 3-21 实施定性风险分析：输入和输出................................................................588 图 3-22 实施定量风险分析：输入和输出................................................................589 图 3-23 规划风险应对：输入和输出.........................................................................590 图 3-24 规划采购：输入和输出.................................................................................592 图 3-25 规划相关方参与：输入和输出....................................................................594 图 4-1 执行过程组......................................................................................................596 图 4-2 指导与管理项目工作：输入和输出............................................................597 图 4-3 管理项目知识：输入和输出.........................................................................598 图 4-4 管理质量：输入和输出.................................................................................599 图 4-5 获取资源：输入和输出.................................................................................601 图 4-6 建设团队：输入和输出.................................................................................602 图 4-7 管理团队：输入和输出.................................................................................604 图 4-8 管理沟通：输入和输出.................................................................................605 图 4-9 实施风险应对：输入和输出.........................................................................607 图 4-10 实施采购：输入和输出.................................................................................608 图 4-11 管理相关方参与：输入和输出....................................................................610 图 5-1 监控过程组......................................................................................................614 图 5-2 监控项目工作：输入和输出.........................................................................615 图 5-3 实施整体变更控制：输入和输出................................................................616 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. 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XXVIII 图表目录 图 5-4 确认范围：输入和输出.................................................................................618 图 5-5 控制范围：输入和输出.................................................................................619 图 5-6 控制进度：输入和输出.................................................................................621 图 5-7 控制成本：输入和输出.................................................................................622 图 5-8 控制质量：输入和输出.................................................................................624 图 5-9 控制资源：输入和输出.................................................................................625 图 5-10 监督沟通：输入和输出.................................................................................627 图 5-11 监督风险：输入和输出.................................................................................628 图 5-12 控制采购：输入和输出.................................................................................630 图 5-13 监督相关方参与：输入和输出....................................................................631 图 6-1 收尾过程组......................................................................................................633 图 6-2 结束项目或阶段：输入和输出....................................................................634 表 1-1 项目管理过程组与知识领域.........................................................................556 表 1-2 项目管理计划和项目文件.............................................................................559 PMI Member benefit licensed to: wenju wang - 5201117. 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XXIX 第三部分 附录、术语表、索引 图 X3-1 项目生命周期的连续区间.............................................................................666 图 X3-2 跨迭代周期的过程组重复开展所需的投入水平.......................................667 图 X3-3 持续阶段中的过程组关系.............................................................................668 表 X1-1 第 4 章变更......................................................................................................645 表 X1-2 第 6 章变更......................................................................................................646 表 X1-3 第 8 章变更......................................................................................................646 表 X1-4 第 9 章变更......................................................................................................647 表 X1-5 第 10 章变更....................................................................................................648 表 X1-6 第 11 章变更....................................................................................................648 表 X1-7 第 12 章变更....................................................................................................649 表 X1-8 第 13 章变更....................................................................................................650 表 X6-1 工具与技术分类和索引.................................................................................686